But he cannot and most likely never will

Henry and coauthor Diego Sasson, who recentlyearned his doctorate in economics from Stanford, found that the average workersreal compensation increased by about $752 (US), more than a 25 percent risecompared with their pre-liberalization pay. Henry said the first impact of opening financial markets operates through thecapital markets rather than wages. Companies that build more plants or expand their horizons need more workers.Henry said Colombia is a typical example. "They opened up their equity marketspretty substantially," he said. In 1991, Colombia opened its stock market toforeign investors The next year, real wages rose 5.9 percent The year afterthat, they jumped 11.1 percent.

In their study, Henry and Sasson used a control group of countries notundergoing liberalization to ensure that the wage increases they observed werenot driven by worldwide factors that had nothing to do with the liberalizationin each country. The average growth rate of labor productivity, for example, was 10.1 percentagepoints more during liberalization and the two years afterward than innon-liberalization years. But countries in the control group did not have acomparable productivity increase. One limit in the study, Henry said, is that it applies only to the manufacturingsector. "We dont know what happens to the workers in agriculture or the servicesector." Still, he said, its clear that the economic impact of liberalization goes wellbeyond the capital, having a marked impact for a significant fraction of adeveloping countrys workforce. "Even if wages are not going up in othersectors," Henry said, "the average overall wage of workers is going up." Henry said some economists and politicians have argued that developing countriesare making a mistake by opening their markets. "I think this is one more pieceof evidence that suggests that the antiliberalization argument is probably notright," he said The bottom line "Policy matters," Henry said.

"A lot." (This story reports on research at the Stanford Graduate School of Business andappears in the January 2009 issue of Stanford Knowledgebase, the free monthlyinformation source for thoughts, ideas and research at the Stanford GraduateSchool of Business. For related research citations and to dig deeper, visit http://) Stanford Graduate School of BusinessHelen Chang, Copyright Business Wire 2009. ) You may be familiar with the VH1 reality series Tool Academy .If you're not, it's a show in which hapless women trick their boyfriends, the "tools," into going on a television show that turns out to be an academy a boarding school if you will for tools.Now, the show is replete with life's cornucopia of stereotypical tools: The "Slacker Tool," the "Naked Tool," the "Spray Tan Tool," and the "Tat Tool," for instance.In my few viewings of the show, I began to think, no, ponder, what's the "tooliest" (if "tooliest" isn't a word, it is now) position in professional sportsWhat position inundates us, the sports loving public, with a surfeit of toolsNo, it isn't perimeter scorer in the NBA.No, it also isn't Boston Red Sox left fielder, though one could argue Manny was more of a clown than a tool.It is, undoubtedly, startingquarterback in the NFL.No position gives us a greater diversity of personalities, all of which are "toolish" in their own way, than startingquarterback in America's neo-pastime.Now, what if, in order to correct this inordinate level of "toolness" amongst "The Shield's" signal callers, there was a Tool Academy for NFLquarterbacks.Who should enrollWhat would their clever "tool" nicknames beThankfully, the legwork has been done for you. Peyton Manning: The "Know-it-all Tool"Peyton Manning is smarter than your team's defensive captain He's smarter than your team's defensive coordinator He's smarter than your team's head coach. Combined.When he's not gesticulating what may or may not be real audibles at the line of scrimmage, he's waving his team's punter off the field on fourth down and making Austin Collie and Pierre Garcon look like actual NFL receivers.And he does it all with the aesthetic beauty of a kid attempting to learn how to pogo.Add the fact that he, like with Archie and Eli, is now an expert at protecting oneself from identity theft and there you have it: Peyton Manning is the "Know-it-all Tool." Jay Cutler: The "Gunslinger Tool"My arm is stronger than John Elway's, he says.The Chicago Bears fans are better than the Denver Broncos fans, he says.With a Vanderbilt education, one would think Jay Cutler would choose his words more wisely.But he cannot and, most likely, never will.You see, along with death and taxes being certain life, another would have to be that gunslinger moxie will always overtake a "Southern Ivy" education.And, in the greatest feat of gunslinger "tooldom," Cutler got himself, in one pouty fit, traded. He went from a team with a recent memory of a Super Bowl-winning Hall of Famequarterback to a team that hasn't had a decentquarterback since Jim Harbaugh and hasn't had a Super Bowl-winningquarterback since the Reagan administration.No competition from history means you look all the better.Kudos and a hat tip to you, Mr Cutler. "Gunslinger Tool" indeed! Brett Favre: The "Hamlet Tool"This one may be the most sorrowful of the lot.Way before he wept at his retirement press conference , he kept the Green Bay Packers, its fans and, mostunforgivably, Rachel Nichols on pins and needles about his decision.Then he left.Then he came back.Then he left.Then he came back.And all this while he publicly fretted, pondered, brooded, contemplated, threw passes to high schoolers and, mostunforgivably, forced Rachel Nichols to follow his every move in muggy southern Mississippi.Then he did what he wanted to do originally: Hand the ball to Adrian Peterson and teach the Packers he wasn't done.Lest we forget, anotheroffseason awaits, and wait Favre will to decide.Ye tool of Hamlet, ye are.So, it looks like Favre is an influence on our next student. Tony Romo: The "Brett Favre Wannabe Tool"If I, a Black kid from Memphis, grew up idolizing Brett Favre to the point ofmimicking his throwing motion, then what chance did a pasty white kid from Wisconsin haveLike a fish in water, Romo didn't know in what stream he was swimming.He throws and scrambles; he shakes away from a phalanx of defenders and then throws a pass across his body for a touchdown.And then he throws an interception that a Cowboys fan wouldn't have thrown.You love him just before you hate him.First, he throws three interceptions.